Sound and Picture
Film
A film is normally created with a large budget and has a longer run time than many other moving image forms, it typically includes multiple camera angles rather than just one. It also contains a lot of foley sound and non diegetic sound. They are created by filming a series of takes, then selecting the best and editing them together in post production. Films are created for entertainment and occasionally for documentaries. More often than not Films are produced because of the huge profits they can produce.
Television
Television is also created with normally a big budget. The length of a television programme rarely exceeds 1 hour. It will typically includes multiple camera angles rather than just one. It also contains a lot of foley sound and non diegetic sound. Similar to Films TV programmes are created as entertainment and documentaries.
Web
Web videos are normally relatively short, only featuring one camera angle and therefore 1 take.There is very little non diegetic sound or foley as typically, a web video will have little to no budget. Web videos are normally informative or are made for entertainment. They are also rarely made for profit.
Hand-held
Moving images are created by using a hand held device such as mobile or small camera. the purpose of this type of moving image is to entertain as normally it is uploaded on to the internet. Similar to Web videos, Hand Held are normally informative or are made for entertainment. They are also rarely made for profit.
Animation
There are many types of animation such as hand drawn, stop motion and CGI. The film will be edited with music and voice overs using computer software.
Audio Components
- Studio and location - A studio is a location desired for optimal sound recording as it lacks background noise due to soundproofing. This works perfectly for productions like news, as it allows for the sound to be heard more clearly, but won't be useful for productions where background ambience is required. On location refers to an outside area, that would not be typically used for a sound recording. This would be useful for capturing ambience, but may mean that post production is required in order to hear the dialogue more clearly .
- Interviews - these will usually be mic'ed up with small microphones attached to both the interviewer and the interviewee. The recorded audio will then be added to any video footage later in production.
- Presentation - A presenter will either have a wireless handheld mic used for live events or if the presentation is for a TV broadcast it would most likely be a small clip on mic that transmits to a sound engineer.
- Voiceover -Voiceovers will be recorded separately in a studio after the filming has finished. The actor recording the voiceover will have the film visible so they can time the speech at the precise time.
- Drama dialogue - for a drama production, multiple voices will need to be captured.A production of a drama will therefore use large, handheld mics on poles known as Boom mics. These are held above the shot and will capture the sound of multiple people.
- Sound effects (SFX) - These are small background details helping to enhance the mood and feel of a film. These are recorded in a process known as Foley.
- Stationary and moving sound sources - A stationary sound source refers to something being recorded that is not moving, whilst a moving sound source is. As a moving sound source moves closer then further away from you, its pitch and volume will increase and decrease.
Combing audio and visuals
- Diegetic - Sound where the source is visible on screen, from characters speaking or from props.
- Non-diegetic - Sound from outside the environment of the film,for example, the music soundtrack.
- External diegetic - Sound put into the shot at a later date but can be heard by characters, for example background noise, this is produced by foley.
- Mood - Soundtracks will often be used to portray a certain mood that fits with the footage being shown.
- Meaning - This involves adding deep emotional quality to a scene by using the music chosen to express this emotion.
- Illusion - This involves adding background noises from objects that are not necessarily on screen to create an atmosphere to give the viewer a sense that they at a specific location.
